Fixer
Dissolves the unexposed halide so the image stops changing and can be seen in light.
A washing aid that swaps the fixer out of the emulsion so the wash can finish the job.
| Chemistry | Sodium sulfite, alkaline |
|---|---|
| Dilution | 1:4 from concentrate, or per the data sheet |
| Film immersion | 2 minutes with agitation |
| Print immersion | 2–3 minutes with agitation |
| Followed by | Final wash — 5 min film, 15 min fibre print |
| Working life | One session; discard afterwards |
| Temperature | 18–24 °C |
| Not a fixer | It removes fixer, it does not fix |
Fixer does not rinse out of an emulsion easily, especially in fibre paper where it soaks into the paper base. Left behind it slowly attacks the image, producing the yellow-brown staining and fading that ruins prints decades later.
Hypo clear — also sold as washing aid — is a sulfite solution that converts residual thiosulfate into compounds the wash water can remove far more readily. Two minutes in hypo clear can cut a fibre-paper wash from an hour to fifteen minutes, and a film wash from ten minutes to five.
It is not a substitute for washing. It is a shortcut through the slowest part of it. Use it after fixing and before the final wash, and still wash properly.
Dissolves the unexposed halide so the image stops changing and can be seen in light.
A tank that keeps fresh water moving past every print until the fixer is gone.
One drop in the final rinse and the water stops forming droplets on the film.
Inert plastic that holds a negative without touching the emulsion.